Design and Administration of Water
control system
(Rivers, Dams and Floods)
The administration of water system requires several hydraulic and
geographical studies, to locate their systems and to classify them according to
the nature of the stream, legal system, length of the rivers, and quality of the water,
topography, and pattern of the rivers or the canals, type of the water stream and the scale of
the floods. While the designs of the artificial canals require full understanding
of the volume of the influx of the water, the amount of the precipitates
carried by the water, number of the water projects to be built on the main
river or canal, quality of the water, the surface area of the land required to
be irrigated, the scale of the water contamination, land topography, water
quality, length of the main canal and the number of the tributaries required,
the speed of the water stream in the
canals, then the local conventional traditions in the region, the ways and
means of irrigation, existence of underground water, the amount of rain falls,
other climatic factors, type and surface area covered with plants and grasses,
standard of farmers awareness and education, and finally, type of the
irrigating canals.
The active water firm administration requires understanding of the types
of these firms (rivers, ponds, lakes, seas, marshes, and underground waters),
their aims (control, to get rid of floods, stream control, and other things
taking part in forming artificial canals). Also it requires deciding the type
of the dams built on the river, whether they are cumulative rocks, soils,
cement, or concrete. Because each type requires its special building depending on the type of the
soil of the basement of the dam and the effects of other factors on its
strength and stability. The study consists of three chapters:
Chapter one: consists of three parts, first
about the canals, their classification, design and system. It looks into
classification of the water streams, designs of the open canals, and those of
the irrigation and the engineering projects built on the open canals, the
hydraulic system of the water stream.
The second part is about the digging in the water stream, the soil of
the canals, types of water, types of the precipitate carried by the water, and
their effects on the quality of the land topography and the river bed. Part three is
about the segments of the canals and their maintenance and improvement, both
mechanical and biological, and the changes happen in different parts of the
canals, the improvements required on each segment, both, bed and shores.
Chapter two: Consists of three parts. The first
part is about the old water projects like dams and canals … etc. It looks into
the water projects built in Mesopotamia and
Part three is about classification of dams and how they were built. This
part looks into the conditions of building the dams (topography, geography of
the region, climate, water stream, the aim of the water project, quality of the
soil and the economic benefits, in addition to classification of the dams in
regard to its hydraulic, rocky, soil, soil-rocky, concrete, light or heavy.
Chapter Three: consists of four parts; Part one is about earth-quakes, volcanoes and
storms in their origins, types, and their negative effects on the water projects,
environment and the people. Part two is about the floods and the measures taken in prediction,
control and protection. It looks into causes of the floods and their
catastrophic consequences, how to predict them, and the measures to protect
against the floods, like mobile walls, ready made walls, flood gates and sand
bags, in addition to means and ways of co-operation between the neighboring
countries in such situations.
Part three is about hydraulic and the soil dynamics. It studies the
quality and characters of the soil, its fertility and capillarity, incidence of
flood, and the phenomena of soil losses and precipitation by the floods.
Part four, is about the collapse of the dams, causes and how to deal
with it. It looks into the effects of the natural factors in the collapse of
the dams, the effects of the substances used in their building, the engineering
and other factors in the collapse of the dams and their rifts, basal attrition,
regression and so on. Followed by a summary and supplements about: the
terminologies, mathematic formulae, and a bibliography of the Arabic and
foreign references.
Title: Design and
Administration of Water control system
(Rivers, Dams and Floods)
Year: 2008.
Page:191.
Publishing: Alhassad-
Damascus.