The
Global Weather Changes and Their Impacts On Fresh
Water
The
fresh water in the world is threatened to decline as a result of the increase
in population and pollution. The total amount of water in the world is about
9millions cubic Kilometers (km). Taking into consideration that the global water
requirement is not more than 5 cubic Km for 6 billion
(bn) population of our globe for the time being. The
uses of water have been increased several times during
the last Century. There is evidence that if the water is
used sensibly, with protection from contamination, it will be enough to
supply a population of 18 bn.
The
average of present water consumption and increase in population, will lead to
decline in fresh water, much below today’s level, in the year 2100. This study
deals with the problems facing man kind due to water
shortages, through four chapters:
Chapter
1:
Includes four sections which deal with the geographical distribution of water around the world, discussing the surface waters (rivers and lakes) and the underground waters in addition to ice-rivers which store a huge reserve of fresh water. Also the study has looked into the ever increasing needs of the water and food for the growing population. Followed by the problems of pollution of the fresh water and its damaging effects on the environment like: irrigation, increased soil salts, drains and contamination of the rivers and lakes and how to deal with these problems.
The
fourth and final section of this chapter, has been
allocated for the environmental protection and how to deal with the causes of
the pollution and the measures to be taken to combat it.
Consists
of three sections, dealing with the damaging effects of
pollution.
The first section discusses the black hole in the ozone layer and how the ozone
layer gets damaged and its effects on life.
The
second section deals with the negative effects of carbon dioxide on the Ozone layer
and the mechanisms that produce that damage, as well as the mechanism of rays
balancing in the region of long and short waves.
And
finally
it discusses the expected damages as a result of the increase in carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere.
The
third section has dealt with the deterioration in the forests and the
devastating effects on the environment. Also we
discussed in detail the main factors which have damaged the forests and led to
desertification and the causes of acid rain and their effects on fresh water and
life.
Chapter
3:
This
chapter consists of two sections. The discussion has been focussed on meteorological and geological changes and their
successive ages for the past 700 000 years, in particular the third and fourth
ages and the great meteorological changes that had resulted. Also we discussed the snow ages and their polar balancing
effects on our global weather for the past 100 years.
In
the second section we discussed the results and predicted changes related to
meteorological theories (global warming and the return of the snow age) and
their effects on the global weather and the scientific
reservations
on these theories. Also the different views for and against these two theories
have been discussed.
Chapter
4:
This chapter consists of 4 sections, discussing fresh water in the Arab world. The first section is allocated to discuss the geography of the Arab countries in relation to the World. (site, weather, surface, rains and regions). Then the effects of the global meteorological change on the Arab countries (global warming and the return of the snow age).
We
discussed the necessary strategies to protect the environment.
In
the second section, the fresh water resources, surface and
underground, was discussed, as well as the geological components, their
sizes and the sensible way of investing in them.
The
third section discussed the negative effects of the shortage of fresh water and
food supply on life and the necessary measures to be
taken to combat the desertification and water
shortage.
The
fourth section, is about the proposed solutions and how
to deal with these problems to avoid water shortages and the best ways of
investing in water resources in the Arab world.
And
finally,
there is a summary of the study in the end of the book. The appendix which consists of glossary of scientific terminology
used in this study, and tables and graphs comparing different sources. This is
followed by a bibliography and then a section used for the Arabic and foreign
references, books and journals that this study has used in its research
work.
This
research is a continuation of my previous work in this field about the water in
the Middle-East.
I
used the methodology which ranges from the local to
universal, starting from
The
aim of this study is to portray the water problem in general at the global
level.