Unconventional Resources of Waters in Arab Homeland
The growth of water resources in the Arab Homeland
encounters obstacles of bad management, in both, supply and demand that created
several negative phenomena like waste in water and bad future planning to cover
the ever growing population demand and lack of the reliability of the
information that could the planning centers rely on to draw future plans on the
national level.
The growing conventional water
resources in the Arab homeland, due to its dry geographical location and
situation and limited rainfalls and the fact that most of its waters come from
outside sources.
The other option of developing water resources is to
resort to unconventional resources, which this study is dedicated to. In spite
of the high cost of this option, it is particularly used in countries where
there are no other options particularly the Gulf countries.
This study is composed of three chapters and
supplements:
Chapter one:
Consists of three parts. The first part is about the demands on water in the
world, showing the fresh water resources and their distribution on the lands.
Also the expected shortages to respond to the growing demand by the growing
populations. And another review of the salty water resources in the world,
their amounts and distribution on the seas and oceans, their methods of
benefiting from desalination to cover the expected shortage of water in the
world.
The second part: show the most important methods of
desalination of water in the world, with advantages and the practical process
and its efficiency of its uses in different places in the world. In addition to discussing the different costs of its productions
per unit of water desalinated and the factors determining its uses.
While the third part has discussed the process of
desalination in the Arab homeland and the cost of each unit of desalinated
water from the
Chapter Two:
Is formed of two parts: the first part is about the balance between
the supply and demand on water in the Arab homeland through a detailed ways of
how to increase the resources then details of how to decrease the demand on
these resources. Besides, discussing the official attempts to limit the
waste of waters in the main sectors (domestic, agriculture and industrials).
And finally a review of the practical methods for best guide of water uses in
the Arab homeland.
The second part of chapter two is about economical
uses of water through many axes, vs.: ways of pricing of water unit and its
aims, the opinions of the international and regional about the pricing of
water. The international attempts to found banks and organizations specialized
in waters to charge the cost of waters from the consumers and the additional
cost of each water unit, conventional and unconventional (drinking, irrigation
and industrial). And finally, discussing the main obstacles
in front of pricing the irrigating waters and the economical costs of
unconventional water.
Chapter three:
Consists of two
parts, the first, discusses the management and the privatization of water
resources through several axes: management of supply and resources and the main
ways to increase the supply, the international bank and the water management,
the theoretical basis of privatization of water sector. Also,
reviewing the advices from the international organizations in relation to privatization
of water and the experiences of the developing countries with regard to water
privatization. And finally the attempts of the Arab
attitudes towards the privatization of water sector.
Part two: discusses educational and legal aspects to
limit the water wastages through several avenues: the role of constitutional
methods in water education, the role of legal methods in water education, and
the role of women, media, school programmers, home economy and finally the role
of the civil society in water education.
Also, the legal methods have been discussed through
the following: The legal amendment on water policy, limitation of domestic
water consumption, coordination between the state sectors and the state support
to the farmers by way of water rationing. And finally, this
summary.
The supplements:
The references which have been used for this research
work, plus the Arabic and foreign references and the quarterly and other
magazine and journals. And finally, a list of the studies published by the author.
Title: Unconventional Resources of Waters in Arab Homeland
Year: 2004.
Page:167.
Publishing: Talls- Damascus, Alsaqi- London.